Solutions CS101

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127.单词接龙 ​

bfs, https://leetcode.cn/problems/word-ladder/

字典 wordList 中从单词 beginWord 到 endWord 的 转换序列 是一个按下述规格形成的序列 beginWord -> s1 -> s2 -> ... -> sk：

  • 每一对相邻的单词只差一个字母。
  • 对于 1 <= i <= k 时，每个 si 都在 wordList 中。注意， beginWord 不需要在 wordList 中。
  • sk == endWord

给你两个单词 beginWord 和 endWord 和一个字典 wordList ，返回 从 beginWord 到 endWord的 最短转换序列 中的 单词数目 。如果不存在这样的转换序列，返回 0 。

示例 1：

输入：beginWord = "hit", endWord = "cog", wordList = ["hot","dot","dog","lot","log","cog"]
输出：5
解释：一个最短转换序列是 "hit" -> "hot" -> "dot" -> "dog" -> "cog", 返回它的长度 5。

示例 2：

输入：beginWord = "hit", endWord = "cog", wordList = ["hot","dot","dog","lot","log"]
输出：0
解释：endWord "cog" 不在字典中，所以无法进行转换。

提示：

  • 1 <= beginWord.length <= 10
  • endWord.length == beginWord.length
  • 1 <= wordList.length <= 5000
  • wordList[i].length == beginWord.length
  • beginWord、endWord 和 wordList[i] 由小写英文字母组成
  • beginWord != endWord
  • wordList 中的所有字符串 互不相同
python
from typing import List
from collections import deque

class Solution:
    def ladderLength(self, beginWord: str, endWord: str, wordList: List[str]) -> int:
        wordSet = set(wordList)
        if endWord not in wordSet:
            return 0
        
        queue = deque([(beginWord, 1)])
        visited = set([beginWord])
        
        while queue:
            word, length = queue.popleft()
            if word == endWord:
                return length
            for i in range(len(word)):
                for c in "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz":
                    new_word = word[:i] + c + word[i+1:]
                    if new_word in wordSet and new_word not in visited:
                        visited.add(new_word)
                        queue.append((new_word, length + 1))
        
        return 0