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M208.实现Trie(前缀树)

OOP,字典树,https://leetcode.cn/problems/implement-trie-prefix-tree/

Trie(发音类似 "try")或者说 前缀树 是一种树形数据结构,用于高效地存储和检索字符串数据集中的键。这一数据结构有相当多的应用情景,例如自动补全和拼写检查。

请你实现 Trie 类:

  • Trie() 初始化前缀树对象。
  • void insert(String word) 向前缀树中插入字符串 word
  • boolean search(String word) 如果字符串 word 在前缀树中,返回 true(即,在检索之前已经插入);否则,返回 false
  • boolean startsWith(String prefix) 如果之前已经插入的字符串 word 的前缀之一为 prefix ,返回 true ;否则,返回 false

示例:

输入
["Trie", "insert", "search", "search", "startsWith", "insert", "search"]
[[], ["apple"], ["apple"], ["app"], ["app"], ["app"], ["app"]]
输出
[null, null, true, false, true, null, true]

解释
Trie trie = new Trie();
trie.insert("apple");
trie.search("apple");   // 返回 True
trie.search("app");     // 返回 False
trie.startsWith("app"); // 返回 True
trie.insert("app");
trie.search("app");     // 返回 True

提示:

  • 1 <= word.length, prefix.length <= 2000
  • wordprefix 仅由小写英文字母组成
  • insertsearchstartsWith 调用次数 总计 不超过 3 * 10^4
python
class Trie:

    def __init__(self):
        """
        Initialize your data structure here.
        """
        self.root = {}
        self.end_of_word = "#"

    def insert(self, word: str) -> None:
        """
        Inserts a word into the trie.
        """
        node = self.root
        for char in word:
            node = node.setdefault(char, {})    #returns the value of the item with the specified key.
                                                # If the key does not exist, insert the key, with the specified value
        node[self.end_of_word] = self.end_of_word


    def search(self, word: str) -> bool:
        """
        Returns if the word is in the trie.
        """
        node = self.root
        for char in word:
            if char not in node:
                return False
            node = node[char]
        return self.end_of_word in node

    def startsWith(self, prefix: str) -> bool:
        """
        Returns if there is any word in the trie that starts with the given prefix.
        """
        node = self.root
        for char in prefix:
            if char not in node:
                return False
            node = node[char]
        return True

if __name__ == "__main__":
    trie = Trie()
    trie.insert("apple")
    print(trie.search("apple"))   # return True
    print(trie.search("app"))     # return False
    print(trie.startsWith("app")) # return True
    trie.insert("app")
    print(trie.search("app"))     # return True