2116.判断一个括号字符串是否有效
stack, greedy, https://leetcode.cn/problems/check-if-a-parentheses-string-can-be-valid/
一个括号字符串是只由 '(' 和 ')' 组成的 非空 字符串。如果一个字符串满足下面 任意 一个条件,那么它就是有效的:
- 字符串为
(). - 它可以表示为
AB(A与B连接),其中A和B都是有效括号字符串。 - 它可以表示为
(A),其中A是一个有效括号字符串。
给你一个括号字符串 s 和一个字符串 locked ,两者长度都为 n 。locked 是一个二进制字符串,只包含 '0' 和 '1' 。对于 locked 中 每一个 下标 i :
- 如果
locked[i]是'1',你 不能 改变s[i]。 - 如果
locked[i]是'0',你 可以 将s[i]变为'('或者')'。
如果你可以将 s 变为有效括号字符串,请你返回 true ,否则返回 false 。
示例 1:

输入:s = "))()))", locked = "010100"
输出:true
解释:locked[1] == '1' 和 locked[3] == '1' ,所以我们无法改变 s[1] 或者 s[3] 。
我们可以将 s[0] 和 s[4] 变为 '(' ,不改变 s[2] 和 s[5] ,使 s 变为有效字符串。示例 2:
输入:s = "()()", locked = "0000"
输出:true
解释:我们不需要做任何改变,因为 s 已经是有效字符串了。示例 3:
输入:s = ")", locked = "0"
输出:false
解释:locked 允许改变 s[0] 。
但无论将 s[0] 变为 '(' 或者 ')' 都无法使 s 变为有效字符串。示例 4:
输入:s = "(((())(((())", locked = "111111010111"
输出:true
解释:locked 允许我们改变 s[6] 和 s[8]。
我们将 s[6] 和 s[8] 改为 ')' 使 s 变为有效字符串。提示:
n == s.length == locked.length1 <= n <= 10^5s[i]要么是'('要么是')'。locked[i]要么是'0'要么是'1'。
Approach
- Check Length Parity: First, check if the length of the string is even. If it's odd, it's impossible to form valid parentheses, so return false immediately.
- Track Balance Range: Use two variables,
min_balanceandmax_balance, to track the minimum and maximum possible balance at each step. The balance is calculated as the number of '(' minus the number of ')'. - Update Balance: For each character in the string:
- If the character is locked, update both
min_balanceandmax_balancebased on whether it's '(' or ')'. - If the character is unlocked, it can be either '(' or ')', so update
max_balanceas if it were '(' andmin_balanceas if it were ')'.
- If the character is locked, update both
- Adjust Balance Constraints: After each update, if
max_balancebecomes negative, return false immediately as it's impossible to recover. Adjustmin_balanceto be non-negative since negative balance at any point is invalid. - Final Check: After processing all characters, check if the final balance can be zero, i.e.,
min_balance≤ 0 ≤max_balance.
python
class Solution:
def canBeValid(self, s: str, locked: str) -> bool:
n = len(s)
if n % 2 != 0:
return False
min_balance = 0
max_balance = 0
for i in range(n):
char = s[i]
lock = locked[i]
if lock == '1':
if char == '(':
min_balance += 1
max_balance += 1
else:
min_balance -= 1
max_balance -= 1
else:
# Can choose '(' or ')'
max_balance += 1
min_balance -= 1
# If max_balance is negative, it's impossible
if max_balance < 0:
return False
# Ensure min_balance is at least 0
min_balance = max(min_balance, 0)
return min_balance <= 0 <= max_balance